Clutch and brake mechanism



Nmn 5 31935.

H. M. STOLLER AL mum CLUTCH AND BRAKE MECHANISM Filed July 21, 1953 /a l V a v w U //0 h 198 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 H. M. .STOLLEI? INVE/VRS I V OMEN ATTORNEY Nmn 5,, 11935.

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CLUTCH AND BRAKE MECHANISM Filed July 21, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 A TTORNEY NW3 1935. H. M. STOLLER AL ZfiWfiS CLUTCH AND BRAKE MECHANISM Filed July 21, 1953 s Sheets-Sheet s AMPLIFIER .HMSTOLLER lNl/E/VTORSZE R'MOTON BY f v j m w ATTQREV termined point to another.

Patented Nov. 5, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CLUTCH AND BRAKE MECHANISM Hugh M. Stoller, Mountain Lakes, N. J., and Edmund R. Morton, New York, N. Y., assignors to Bell Telephone Laboratories,

Incorporated,

4 Claims.

This invention relates to timing devices and more particularly to a timing device for indicating elapsed time for an event or the time taken by a moving object in traveling from one prede- The invention while not necessarily limited to such use is particularly adapted for timing races or other sports events. Certain features which are subsequently described and which constitute this invention are improvements over the timing device disclosed in G. T. Kirby application Serial No. 620,437.

The object of this invention, therefore, is to provide improved means for accurately determining the time taken for a race or other event.

The improvements constituting this invention reside in a clutch for connecting a motor to a device to be driven thereby, the motor and clutch being combined with a polarized clutch operating magnet in a unitary structure. A synchronous motor adaptable for use in connection with the clutch covered in this case is disclosed and claimed in our divisional application Serial No. 41,518, filed September 21, 1935.

A feature of this invention resides in a reciprocating flyer arm and means cooperating therewith in the clutch which insures in one position positive and instantaneous coupling of the motor to a chronometer, and in another position positive and instantaneous stopping of the chronometer.

This invention may be used in conjunction with a chronometer which is combined with a motion picture camera when it is desired to have pictures of an event and a record of the elapsed time appear on the same motion picture film, or it may be used with a chronometer exclusive of the camera when only time records are required.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of the synchronous motor;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the synchronous motor, partly in section;

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of the back of the synchronous motor;

Fig. 4 is a view in perspective of the clutch including the polarized clutch operating magnet;

Fig. 5 is a view in section of a fragmentary portion of the clutch; and

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the complete timing apparatus.

In timing races and other events with this apparatus the synchronous motor is started some time before the beginning of the event. A starting signal is then given to start the event. When the starting signal is given the clutch is operated to connect the synchronous motor to the chronometer. The chronometer is continued in operation from the beginning of the event until a contestant or a predetermined number of contestants have crossed a certain line. Some time before this predetermined line is crossed by a 5 contestant 0r contestants, lamps to illuminate the dials of the chronometer are lighted and the motion picture camera is brought into operation. Pictures are then taken of the event and the chronometer dials. In each frame of the motion '10 picture film, therefore, there appears an image of the contestant or contestants as the line is approached or crossed and a picture of the chronometer dials showing them in their relative positions with respect to some predetermined point 15 at the time the picture was taken.

To more clearly point out the improvements in which this invention resides reference will now be had to the drawings.

The chronometer is driven by means of a synchronous motor .6 which is combined with the clutch 1 and the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 in a unitary structure as shown in Figs. 1 and 4. The synchronous motor 6 is a nonselfstarting synchronous motor and comprises a set of U-shaped laminated pole-pieces 69, a set of permanent magnets I15, shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a

cylindrical rotor 10 and a pair of operating coils 1 l to alternate the magnetism of the pole-pieces 69. The free ends of the pole-pieces 69 are ma- 3Q chined out at their adjacent inward faces to provide a cylindrical aperture 65 to accommodate the rotor 11]. The pole-pieces 69 are provided with arcuately arranged protuberances 12 which project into the magnetic field. Operating within 35 the cylindrical aperture 65 formed between the free ends of the'pole-pieces 69 is the cylindrical rotor 10 which has peripheral projections 13 extending radially toward the protuberances 12 of the pole-pieces 69. The number and spacing 40 of the protuberances 12 of the pole-pieces 69 and the number and spacing of the peripheral projections 13 on the rotor 10 are so arranged that when the peripheral projections 13 on one side .of the rotor 10 are in alignment with the inwardly projecting protuberances 12 of one pole-piece, the peripheral projections 13 on the other side of the rotor 10 are not in alignment with the inwardly projecting protuberances 12 of the other pole-piece. Connected to the closed end of the laminated pole-pieces 69 by means of a plate I14 is a set of bar magnets I15 which are permanently magnetized. The bar magnets I15 are arranged in parallel and extend parallel tothe leg portions of the laminated pole-pieces 69. The south 56 poles of the bar magnets I15 terminate in the plate I 14 and the north poles of the bar magnets extend downward toward the free ends of the laminated pole-pieces 69. Attached to the north pole ends of the bar magnets I15 is a plug member I16 of magnetic material. The cylindrical rotor 19 comprises a brass cup member 68 on the periphery of which is secured a ring I18 of magnetic material. On the periphery of the ring I18 are the projections 13 which extend radially of the rotor 19 toward the pole-pieces 69. The plug I16 is provided with a centrally located sleeve bearing I19 adapted to receive a shaft 19 which is secured at I89 to the bottom of the brass cup member 98. The shaft 16 extends inward within the center of the brass cup member 68 to form a pin portion IBI which is journaled in the'sleeve bearing I19 of the plug I16. The shaft 16 projects beyond the bottom of the brass cup member68. The magnetic circuit for the motor may be traced from the north pole ends of the magnets, through the. plug I16 the peripheral projections 13 of the .ring 118, through the pole-pieces 69 by way of the protuberances 12, thence through-the plate I 14 to the south pole ends of the bar magnets I15. The motor 6 is secured to a rectangular frame 14 as shown in Fig. l by means of the screws 15. The shaft 16 is journaled in aboss 11 of the frame 14 and extends outward beyond the flat surface of the frame. Secured to the outer extremity of the shaft 16 is a pinion 18 the teeth of which engage a comparatively large gear 19 which, as will be subsequently described, serves to drive a clutch member.

Secured to the outer flat face of the rectangular frame 14 by means of the screws 89 is an L- shaped bracket 8| which terminates at its free end in spaced bosses 82 and 83. Secured within 7 the boss 82 and extending inwardly therefrom 40 toward the flat face of the frame 14 is a pin 84 on which is revolubly supported the comparatively large gear 18 which is permanently engaged by the pinion 18. Secured to the outer face of the large gear19 by means of the pins 85 is a ratchet wheel 86. The ratchet wheel 86 serves in conjunction with other means to be subsequently described, to provide a means for manuallyrotating the cylindrical rotor 19 of the motor 6'.

The frame 14 terminates in one end in a plate portion 81 shown in Fig. 1 as being integral with the frame 14. The plate portion 81 is provided with an elongated arcuately shaped aperture 88 and an elongated straight aperture 89. Journaled in a boss 99 in the plate portion 81 and projecting normal to the plane of the plate portion 81 is a shaft 9I. Attached to the outer end of the shaft 9| is a handle 92 which may be manually operated to rotate the shaft 9| when the synchronous motor 6 is to be started. Attached to the center of the shaft 9I and projecting normal to the axis of the shaft 9I is an L-shaped arm 93 the free end of which projects through the elongated arcuately shaped aperture 88 in the plate portion 81. The arm 93 is manually oper ated by means of the handle 92 against the action of a spring 94, the spring 94 being attached at one end to the arm 93 and having the other end attached to a screw 95 which is adjustable within the elongated straight aperture 89 in the plate portion 81 of the frame 14. Attached to the arm 93 and extending normal therefrom is a pawl 96, a free end of which may be brought into engagement with the ratchet wheel 86. To start the synchronous motor 6 the handle 92 is manually moved toward the right until the free end of .the

arm 93 reaches the end of the elongated arcuate- 1y shaped aperture 88. By this movement the pawl 96 is brought into engagement with the ratchet wheel 86. When the handle 92 is released the spring 94 returns the arm 93 to normal posi tion and in doing so presses the pawl 99 against the teeth of the ratchet wheel 86. The ratchet wheel 86 is therefore driven by the spring-operated pawl 96 until the pawl 96 passes in its arc of movement out of engagement with the ratchet wheel 86. Since the ratchet wheel 88 is pinned to the large gear 19, rotation of the ratchet wheel 86 causes rotation of the large gear 19 and rotation of the pinion 18 which is attached to the shaft 16 extending axially from the cylindrical rotor 19 of the synchronous motor 6. When the synchronous motor 6 has been thus manually started the rotor 19 is continued in its rotation by means of the operating coils 1 I.

Adjustably secured within the boss 83 of the L-shaped bracket 8| is a screw 91 which serves as an adjustable bearing for a shaft I 82. The shaft I32 extends through an aperture in the frame 14 and runs parallel with an arm I99 which is integral with the frame 14. The arm I99 extends backward of the frame 14 and terminates at. its free end in an upturned end portion I ID. The upturned end portion II9 supports a bearing III, an adjustment screw I83 and a set screw I 84. one end by the screw '91 and at the other end by the bearing III and may be adjusted longitudinally by means of the screws 91 and I83.

Between the free end of the L-shaped bracket 8| and the frame 14 and supported by the shaft I82 is an annular clutch member 98. The annular clutch member 98 is provided with peripheral teeth 99 forming a gear which is in engagement with the teeth of the large gear 19. The clutch member 98 has a hub portion I99 which is pinned to the shaft I82. The clutch member 98 is provided with clutch teeth on its inner face I9I, the teeth being directed axially toward the rectangular frame 14 and having their edges radial with respect to the shaft I82. An annular stop clutch member I92 with teeth corresponding in number and spacing to the teeth on the inner face I9I of the clutch member 98 is secured to the rectangular frame '14 by means of the screws I93. The teeth on the annular stop clutch member I92 extend axially toward the clutch member 98 and have their edges radial to the shaft E82 and are inclined conjugately to the teeth on the inner face I9I of the annular clutch member 98. The annular clutch member 98 and the stop clutch member I 92 are spaced apart a sufficient distance to permit a flyer arm clutch member I95 to be operated between them. The flyer arm clutch member I95 is attached to an annular hub I85 which forms one end of a tubular shaft I I3. The tubular shaft II3 extends parallel to the arm I99 and encloses the shaft I82 and is provided with internal bearing surfaces in each end. The shaft I82v is normally rotated within the tubular shaft I I3 and the tubular shaft I I3 may be moved longitudinally along the shaft I 82. The flyer arm clutch member I95 is moved from one to the other of the clutch members 98 and I 92 by means of the polarized clutch operating magnet 69. The polarized clutch operating magnet 68 is attached to the rectangular frame 14 by means of a bracket I06 and has spaced pole-pieces I 91, a

permanent bar" magnet I86 and operating coils I98 extending parallel to the rectangular frame 14. The tubular shaft H3 extends through bim The shaft I82 is supported at iurcated ends in the pole-pieces I til and through the center of the annular stop clutch member m2. Between the pole-pieces It? and attached to the shaft H3 is a cylindrical armature II l which is attracted toward one or the other of the pole-pieces It? when the polarized clutch operating magnet is operated. The tubular shaft H3, therefore, is longitudinally moved by operation of the polarized clutch operating magnet 6% Attached to an end of the tubular shaft M3 and disposed between the stop clutch member W2 and the annular clutch member 98 is the fiyer arm I The flyer arm 585 extends normal to the axis of the tubular shaft IE3 and has teeth NE on opposite faces of its free end. The teeth IIb project in a direction conjugate with the teeth on the adjacent clutch members m2 and 98. The teeth, for instance, on the left-hand side of the flyer arm I95 are adapted to mesh with the teeth on the inner face of the stop clutch member iii?! and the teeth on the right-hand side of the flyer arm are adapted to mesh with the teeth on the inner face IiiI of the annular clutch member es. The teeth I I5 on the fiyer arm M5, are however, finer than the teeth on the clutch members tit and n2. Preferably there should be on each face of the flyer arm 5% twice the number of teeth per unit of space as on the adjacent faces of the clutch members as and Itl. When the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 is operated to move the tubular shaft Hi3 toward the right the teeth I on the right-hand side of the fiyer arm we are brought into engagement with the teeth on the inner face Hit of the annular clutch member 98 and since this clutch member is continuously driven by of the large the tubular shaft i It is rotated. When the polarized clutch operating magnet $55 is operated to move the tubular shaft I53 toward the left the fiyer arm N35 is disconnected from the rotating clutch member 98 and is moved over so that the teeth M5 on the left-hand side are brought into engagement with the stop clutch member an. Since the stop clutch member is secured to the rectangular frame M further rotation of the tubular shaft Iiii is prevented.

By using a polarized clutch operating magnet (56 for operation or" the clutch i, bouncing of the teeth H5 of the fiyer arm Hi5 over the adjacent teeth of either the annular clutch member 98 or the stop clutch member it? prevented. Even though the polarized clutch operating magnet 55 is only momentarily energized for each operation, the armature lid is held in its last moved position by the magnetic flux in the smaller air gap between the arr-nature 2M and the adjacent pole face and the teeth I I5 of the flyer arm R35 are maintained in mesh with the adjacent teeth of the annular clutch member 98 or the stop clutch member I22, whichever one is last engaged by the flyer arm Comparatively fine teeth M5 are provided on the flyer arm iii?) to reduce the percentage of error in the mechanism due to lost motion while the teeth are being moved into engagement in the clutch changing operation. With twice the number of teeth per unit of space on each side of the flyer arm I95 as on the adjacent faces of the stop clutch member Hi2 and the annular clutch member eii'the flyer arm Iiiii or the annular clutch member t8, whichever happens to be rotating at the time, has to move only half the space of one of the large teeth before operative engagement occurs. While it is obvious that the same ing clutch member $58.

degree of accuracy could be obtained by making all of the cooperating clutch teeth small, some economy in the machining of parts is obtained by cutting the small teeth only on the fiyer arm I515. The space between the stop clutch member 5 I 92 and the annular clutch member 93 is made less than the difference between the spacing of the pole-pieces Ili'i' and the length of the cylindrical armature I I4 to prevent frictional engagement of the armature I Iii with a pole-piece when 0 the polarized clutch operating magnet 56 is-operated to engage the flyer arm I85 with the rotat- The pole-pieces IBI of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 have y bifurcated free ends which engage the reduced 5 ends IE6 of a block member iii of non-magnetic material which is secured to the arm I09 and which serves as a steadying rest for the lower end of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66.

Attached to the tubular shaft H3 at the end 20 opposite to that occupied by the fiyer arm I05, as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, is a comparatively wide pinion I IS which engages the comparatively thin skeleton gear of the chronometer I. Since the pinion H8 is made much wider than the 25 skeleton gear 5 the pinion I58 and the skeleton gear 5 remain in mesh even though the tubular shaft III-i is moved longitudinally upon operation of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66.

To provide quick acting and positively operat- 30 ing means for operating the clutch upon a momentary closure of a pair of contacts the polarized ciutch operating magnet 66 is employed. The polarized clutch operating magnet as shown in Fig. 6 is included in a start signal 35 control circuit I I Ii. The start signal control circuit H9 is connected to a-portio-n of an amplifier I26 and contains a pair of condensers IEI and I22, the start key I23 and the stop key IN. The portion of the amplifier I28 to which the start 40 signal control circuit IIS is connected supplies direct current potential to charge the condensers I2! and I22. The polarized clutch operating magnet 66 is operated by discharge current from the condenser I2! or I22 when one of the keys ,5 I23 or I2 i is operated or when contacts are closed in a starting pistol I25,

The condensers I2! and I22 are normally maintained in a charged condition but are limited to a comparatively slow rate of charging 50 by means of the resistance I226. The resistance I25 also prevents the amplifier I29 from being affected by discharge current from the condensers HI and IE2. The start signal control circuit I I9 is normally as follows: From the am- 55 plifier I20, comparatively high value resistance I26, conductor I27, condenser I22, left-hand cone tacts of stop key I26, conductor I 28, upper winding I29 of polarized clutch operating magnet 66, lower winding I353 of polarized clutch operating 5 magnet 66, conductor Isl to the amplifier I20. In shunt across the conductors I2! and I3I and in parallel with the start key I23 and the stop key ms is a resistance I32 and the condenser I2I. In this circuit positive potential is normally applied 65 to the windings of the polarized clutch operating magnet Iit by way of the comparatively high value resistance I26, conductor I21, condenser I22, left-hand contacts of stop key I24 and conductor I28. Positive potential is also supplied to 70 the condenser I2I by way of the resistance I32. Since the condensers I22 and I2! are only brought to a charged condition in a comparatively slow manner by reason of the comparatively high value resistance I26 and since no sudden increase or sudden change in potential is applied to the windings of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66, the armature H4 of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 remains in its last operated position which, merely for the purpose of illustration, will be .assumed to be toward the upper pole piece I01. Under this condition, the flyer arm I of the clutch I is held against the stop clutch member I02 which, as shown in Fig. 4, is attached to the frame I4. When the start key I23 is manually operated the contacts in the key are momentarily closed. The condenser I22 then discharges current by way of the conductor I21 and the closed contacts of the start key I23 and appliesa sudden positive potential to the windings of the polarized clutch operating magnet. This causes a magneto motive force in the pole pieces I01 of the clutch operating magnet 06, the

magneto motive force applied aiding the magneto motive force, due to the permanent polarizing magnet, in one pole and opposing the magneto motive force, due to the permanent polarizing magnet, in the other pole. This increases the flux in the larger air gap and reduces the flux in the smaller air gap or may even produce magnetic polarities across the smaller air gap to produce a repelling force between these adjacent pole faces. The armature II 4 of the polarized clutch operating magnet 65 is therefore moved over toward the lower pole piece of the polarized clutch operating magnet 56 and the clutch fiyer arm I05 is moved into engagement with the annular rotating clutch member 93. In this movement of the armature H4 of the polarized clutch operating magnet 60, the shaft H3 moves the comparatively wide pinion H8 across the rim of the master gear 5. This pinion I I8, however, is of sufiicient width to remain in engagement with the master gear 5 of the chronometer I. When the clutch fiyer arm I05 is brought into engagement with the annular rotating clutch member 98 the shaft H3 is rotated and the chronometer I is set in operation. Upon release of the start key I23 the contacts of the key immediately open and the discharge circuit for the condenser I22 is broken. The condenser I22 then begins to charge up again but is limited to a comparatively slow charging process by reason of the comparatively high value resistance I26. The comparatively high value resistance I26 in addition to limiting the condenser I22 to a slow charging process also prevents either the charging or discharging of the condenser I22 from affecting the amplifier I20. Since the amplifier I20, as will be subsequently explained, is also utilized in supplying energy to the driving coils I33 of the tuning fork I34 which is employed in connection with the supply of current to the synchronous motor 6 which drives the chronometer I, it is important that the amplifier be protected from any eiIects which might cause its unbalance.

Instead of operating the start key I23 as above described to cause operation of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 and the connecting of the synchronous motor 3 by way'of the clutch I to the chrcno-meter I it may be desirable to control the starting of the chronometer I by means of a starting signal which will give an audible signal for the starting of an event. The starting signal for a race or other sports event is often given by the firing of a pistol. A starting pistol I25 therefore is shown as being connected across the conductors I21 and I3I. Contacts in the starting pistol I25 are preferably momentarily closed and opened simultaneously with the firing of the pistol. For instance, contacts in the pistol I25 may be closed when the cartridge is struck by the hammer of the pistol and opened again on the slight rebound of the hammer. is common practice in small firearm constructions to have the hammer strike the cartridge on a slight overthrow movement and then move back to normal fired position. The contacts of the pistol therefore may close when the hammer is in the overthrow position and open again when it moves back to the normal position immediately after striking the cartridge. The condenser I22 would then discharge on the instant the cartridge was struck by the hammer and the impulse from the condenser would proceed by way of the conductor I2], thence through the closed contacts of the pistol I25 and through the con ductor I3I to the windings of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66.

To stop the chronometer I the stop key I24 is manually operated to close its contacts. This, like the operation of the start key I23 or the firing of the pistol I25 is a momentary closure of the contacts and provides for a condenser discharge to operate the polarized clutch operating magnet 66. when the stop key I24 is manually operated to close its right-hand cont-acts the condenser I2I discharges by way of the right-hand contacts in the stop key I24, conductor I28, and windings I29 and I30 of the polarized clutch operating magnet 06. This increases the flux in the upper pole piece I01 and decreases the flux in the lower pole piece I01 of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 sufiicient to attract the armature I I4 toward the upper pole piece III! of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66. The clutch fiyer arm I05 would then be moved out of engagement with the annular rotating clutch member 98 and into engagement with the stop clutch member I02. Since the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 is operated on comparatively high potential condenser discharge current and these surges of current are of extremely short duration, there is no pronounced heating of the windings of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66, such, for instance, as would occur if the start signal control circuit had been closed for a comparatively long period to cause operation of the clutch operating magnet.

In Fig. 6 a tuning fork I34 and an amplifier I20 are shown as included in the system. Since the amplifier employed in this invention may be of standard and'well known design, details of the amplifier are not shown in the schematic view. The amplifier I20, however, is supplied with operating current from an alternating current generator I35 over the conductors I61, I68, I36 and I31. From the output of amplifier I20 current is supplied by Way of conductors I38 and I39 to the driving coils I33 of the tuning fork I34. The pick-up coils I40 of the tuning fork I34 are connected by the conductors I4! and I42 to an input connection of the amplifier I20 so that currents of controlled frequency developed in the pick-up coils I40 of the tuning fork I34 may be amplified to operate the synchronous motor 6. From an output connection of the amplifier I20 amplified current of controlled frequency is supplied over the conductors I43 and I44 to the synchronous motor 6. Since the timing apparatus of this invention must be extremely accurate and faithful in its performance under varying climatic conditions the tuning fork is enclosed in a casing I45 in which the temperature is maintained constant by means of a. thermostatically controlled heating element I46. The circuit for the heating element I46 may be traced as follows: Alternating current generator I35, conductor I68, conductor I36, conductor I41, heating element I46, conductor I48, back contact and armature of relay I49, conductor I50, conductor I3I, conductor I61 to the alternating current generator I35. Relay I49 is controlled in its operation by means of a thermostat I5I. The thermostat I5I may,

for instance, be a mercury thermometer placed preferably in close proximity to the tuning fork The circuit in-I I35 and within the casing I45. cluding the thermostat I5! and the relay I49 may be traced as follows: From an outlet connection of the amplifier I20, conductor I52, thermostat I5I, conductor I53, winding of relay I49 to ground. In shunt of the winding of relay I49 is a resistance element I54 which will protect the relay I09 from the effects of comparatively high potentials. This resistance element I54 may be, for instance, a block of thyrite since thyrite has the characteristic of decreasing in resistance with an increase in potential applied. When the temperature within the casing I45 reaches a predetermined value, the thermostat I5I operates to close the circuit of relay I49. Relay I49 then operates and pulls its armature away from the back contact and breaks the circuit to the heating element I46. When the temperature within the casing I45 drops below a predetermined value thermostat I5I opens the circuit of relay I49. Relay I56 is then deenergized and its armature is permitted to return to the back contact and close the circuit of the heating element I46.

To protect the tuning fork I 64 from the unbalancing effects of comparatively high potentials which might be applied to the driving coils I33 a resistance device I55 is shunted across the conductors I58 and I39 in parallel with the drive ing coils I63 of the tuning fork I34. This resistance device I55 may be for instancea block of thyrite which has the characteristic above described. The resistatnce device I55 is connected to the tuning fork I34 by means of the conductor I56 and to the casing I45 by means of the conductor IE'I. Since the casing I65 is grounded at I58 a path is supplied to ground by way of the resistance device I55 for comparatively high potentials which might be applied to the circuit of the driving coils I35 of the tuning fork I34.

When the timing apparatus above described is to be used in conjunction with a motion picture camera, a motion picture camera equipped with two lenses and of the type described in the above identified G. T. Kirby application is provided. The motion picture camera may be of standard construction and modified by having a lens system added to it for viewing the dials of the chronometer I or the lens system for viewing the dials of the chronometer I may be permanently built into the camera construction. In Fig. 6 a motion picture camera I59 has been included. The motion picture camera I59 is provided with the usual lens system I60 for projecting images onto a motion picture film within the camera. Extending from the lens system I60 of the motion picture camera I59 is a lens system I6I for viewing the dials 2, 3 and 4 of the chronometer I. The lens system I 6| comprises a light passage I62 which is in communication with the lens system I69 and the dials of the chronometer I. Included in the lens system I6I and located within the lens system I 60 of the camera is a prism I63 which will project an image of the dials into the view line of the camera I59 within the lens system I60. In alignment with the lens system I 6| is an aperture I64 in the casing I65. Supported within the casing I65 and not in alignment with the aperture I64 is a lamp I66 which serves to throw light 5 on the dials 2, 3 and 4 of the chronometer I. The lamp I56 is supplied with current from the source of alternating current I35 by way of the conductors I6'I, I68, I69, I10, switch III, and

transformer I12. 10

The motion picture camera I59 may be driven bya spring motor such as is common in motion picture camera constructions or it may be driven by an electric motor. In the preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. '6, the camera I59 15 is electrically driven, the motor for the camera being sup-plied with current from the source of alternating current I35 over the conductors I61 and I68 and switch I".

Assuming that the apparatus above described 20 is to be used in timing a sporting event such, for instance, as a race and that the amplifier I20 and heating element I46 are connected to the source of alternating current I 35 the operation is as follows: A starting signal for the event is 25 given. Simultaneously with the giving of the starting signal contacts are closed and then immediately opened in either the pistol I25 or in the start key I23. With the closing of the contacts at either of these points, condenser I22 dis- 30 charges and increases the flux in the lower pole piece I01 and decreases the fiux in the upper pole piece IIJI of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66. The armature H4 is then moved downward toward the lower pole piece I0! of the polar- 35 ized clutch operating magnet 66. The shaft H3 is moved longitudinally and the clutch flyer arm I05 is moved out of engagement with the stop clutch member I02 and into engagement with the annular clutch member 98. Since the annu- 4o lar clutch member 98 is being driven by the synchronous motor 6 and since the shaft I I3 is connected by means of the pinion H6 to the master gear 5 of the chronometer I; the dials 2, 3 and 4 of the chronometer I are set in rotation. The is armature II 4 of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 will be maintained in the last operated position by the magnetism in the lower pole piece I01 until the polarized clutch operating magnet 66 is operated again. The clutch fiyer arm I05 also will be held in engagement with the annular clutch member 90 by reason of the magnetic pull in the lower pole piece I0'I of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66. The chronometer I will continue to operate until the stop key I24 is manually operated to close the right hand contacts of the key. When a contestant crosses the finish line the stop key I24 is operated to close its right hand contacts. The condenser I2I will then discharge and cause increase of flux in the upper pole piece I61 and decrease of flux in the lower pole piece I07 of the polarized clutch operating magnet 66. The armature I I4 will then be moved toward the upper pole piece I01. The shaft II3 will be moved upward longitudinally and will carry the clutch flyer arm I05 out of engagement with the annular clutch member 98 and into engagement with the stop clutch member I02. Since the stop clutch member I02 is secured to the frame 14 the chronometer I will 70 be immediately stopped. The elapsed time for the event can then be read from the dials 2, 3 and 4 as they stand relative to a fixed point.

If the motion picture camera I59 is being used in conjunction with the chronometer I to time the event, the stop key I24 would not be manually operated until the event was all finished or until a predetermined number of contestants had crossed the finish line. When the camera I59 is to be used, camera I59 is set in operation by closing the switch I'I'I as the contestants approach the finish line. Prior to the closing of the switch III the switch III is operated to close the circuit to the lamp I66. The switch I 'II should be closed i the event and the dials 2, 3 and 4 of the chronometer I, the positions of contestants relative to a finish line and the time in which they reach such points can be readily determined.

What is claimed is:

1. In an apparatus of the class described, a clutch comprising a driven rotating clutch member means to drive said clutch member, a fixed stop clutch member spaced from said rotating clutch member, a reciprocating arm operating between said clutch members, a shaft supporting said arm, an armature on said shaft, a support for said shaft and a polarized magnet to move said shaft longitudinally upon said support to bring said arm into engagement with a clutch member, said polarized magnet having spaced pole pieces and said armature being disposed between said pole pieces and rotating with said shaft,

2. In an apparatus of the class described, a clutch comprising a pair of spaced clutch members each having teeth directed toward the other clutch member, an arm operating between said clutch members, said arm having teeth on opposite faces to engage the teeth on said clutch members, the teeth on each face of said arm being greater in number for a unit of space than the teeth of the clutch member adjacent to that face of the arm for the said unit of space, a Iongitudinally movable shaft supporting said arm, and means to longitudinally move said shaft to bring said arm into engagement with one of said 5 clutch members.

3. In an apparatus of the class described, a clutch comprising a pair of spaced clutch members each having teeth directed toward the other clutch member and which are inclined conjugate- 10 ly to the teeth on the other clutch member, an

.arm operating between said clutch members, said arm having teeth on opposite faces conjugately inclined toward the teeth on the adjacent clutch member, the teeth on each face of said arm be- 15 ing double the number of teeth for the same unit of space of the adjacent clutch member, a longitudinally movable shaft supporting said arm, and means to longitudinally move said shaft to bring said arm into engagement with one of 20 said clutch members.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, a clutch comprising a frame, a driven shaft journalled in said frame, means to drive said driven shaft, a tubular shaft enclosing a portion of said 25 driven shaft and having spaced bearings engaging said driven shaft, a fixed clutch member attached to said frame, a rotatable clutch member spaced from said fixed clutch member and at- 

